Silver sulfide anchored bismuth molybdate p-n heterojunction nano-coating with excellent photo-thermal self-healing performance.

In this research, a self-healing nano-coating with excellent photo-thermal response to near-infrared (NIR) laser is prepared. This coating incorporates silver sulfide anchored bismuth molybdate (Ag2S@Bi2MoO6) into a shape memory epoxy resin to achieve for a good photo-thermal conversion capability. The Ag2S@Bi2MoO6 p-n heterojunction could photo-generate more electron-holes pairs under the NIR laser irradiation. Also, it shows a wider absorption range of visible light, leading to effectively absorb the light energy, generate enough heat to induce the shape memory recovery in the coating, and seal the scratch. The results indicate that the temperature of EP-1 % Ag2S@Bi2MoO6 coating has reached about 88 °C, while good self-healing and anti-corrosion properties with a self-healing rate of 88.41 % have been achieved. Furthermore, calculations based on Density Functional Theory and Finite Element Method pointed out that the formation of p-n heterojunction effectively has enhanced the photo-thermal effect. This research opens a new way for developing self-healing coatings with an ultra-fast response time and high self-healing efficiency.

The combined effect of carbon starvation and exogenous riboflavin accelerated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced nickel corrosion.

The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the synergistic effect of an exogenous redox mediator and carbon starvation on the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal nickel (Ni) by nitrate reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbon source (CS) starvation markedly accelerates Ni MIC by P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the addition of exogenous riboflavin significantly decreases the corrosion resistance of Ni. The MIC rate of Ni (based on corrosion loss volume) is ranked as: 10 % CS level + riboflavin > 100 % CS level + riboflavin > 10 % CS level > 100 % CS level. Notably, starved P. aeruginosa biofilm demonstrates greater aggressiveness in contributing to the initiation of surface pitting on Ni. Under CS deficiency (10 % CS level) in the presence of riboflavin, the deepest Ni pits reach a maximum depth of 11.2 µm, and the corrosion current density (icorr) peak at approximately 1.35 × 10-5 A·cm-2, representing a 2.6-fold increase compared to the full-strength media (5.25 × 10-6 A·cm-2). For the 10 % CS and 100 % CS media, the addition of exogenous riboflavin increases the Ni MIC rate by 3.5-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively. Riboflavin has been found to significantly accelerate corrosion, with its augmentation effect on Ni MIC increasing as the CS level decreases. Overall, riboflavin promotes electron transfer from Ni to P. aeruginosa, thus accelerating Ni MIC.

Interfacial regulation of BiOI@Bi2S3/MXene heterostructures for enhanced photothermal and photodynamic therapy in antibacterial applications.

Developing environmentally friendly, broad-spectrum, and long-lasting antibacterial materials remains challenging. Our ternary BiOI@Bi2S3/MXene composites, which exhibit both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) antibacterial properties, were synthesized through in-situ vulcanization of hollow flower-shaped BiOI on the surface of two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene. The unique hollow flower-shaped BiOI structure with a high exposure of the (001) crystal plane amplifies light reflection and scattering, offering more active sites to improve light utilization. Under 808 nm irradiation, these composites achieved a photothermal conversion efficiency of 57.8 %, boosting the PTT antibacterial effect. The heterojunction between Bi2S3 and BiOI creates a built-in electric field at the interface, promoting hole and electron transfer. Significantly, the close-contact heterogeneous interface enhances charge transfer and suppresses electron-hole recombination, thereby boosting PDT bacteriostatic performance. EPR experiments confirmed that ∙O2- and •OH radicals play major roles in photocatalytic bacteriostatic reactions. The combined antibacterial action of PTT and PDT led to efficiencies of 99.7 % and 99.8 % against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively, under 808 nm laser irradiation. This innovative strategy and thoughtful design open new avenues for heterojunction materials in PTT and PDT sterilization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Photodynamic and photothermal therapy is a promising antibacterial treatment, but its efficiency still limits its application. To overcome this limitation, we prepared three-dimensional heterogeneous BiOI@Bi2S3/MXene nanocomposites through in-situ vulcanization of hollow flower-shaped BiOI with a high exposure of the (001) crystal plane onto the surface of two-dimensional MXene material. The resulting ternary material forms a close-contact heterogeneous interface, which improves charge transfer channels, reduces electron-hole pair recombination, and amplifies photodynamic bacteriostatic performance. These nanocomposites exhibit photothermal conversion efficiency of 57.8 %, enhancing their photothermal bactericidal effects. They demonstrated antibacterial efficiencies of 99.7 % against P. aeruginosa and 99.8 % against S. aureus. Therefore, this study provides a promising method for the synthesis of environmentally friendly and efficient antibacterial materials.

Synergetic Inhibition and Corrosion-Diagnosing Nanofiber Networks for Self-Healing Protective Coatings.

Organic coatings lack durability in marine corrosive environments. Herein, we designed a self-healing coating with a novel nanofiber network filler for enhanced protection. Using electrospinning, we created a core-shell structure nanofiber network consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as the shell material and gallic acid (GA) and phenanthroline (Phen) as the core material. The PVB@GA-Phen nanofiber network, which includes synergistic corrosion inhibitors (GA-Phen), was embedded in an epoxy coating (PVB@GA-Phen/epoxy) and applied to carbon steel. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the GA-Phen combination, through hydrogen bond interaction, facilitated inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface. The GA-Phen combination diagnosed corrosion and formed a protective film on the scratched areas. The sustained release of Phen-GA combination inhibitors for up to 240 h resulted in an 88.63% healing efficiency of the PVB@GA-Phen/epoxy (PGP/EP) coating. The long-term corrosion resistance tests confirmed the effective barrier performance of the PGP/EP coating in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. Moreover, the incorporation of the nanofiber network in the epoxy coating provided passive barrier, corrosion-diagnosing, and anticorrosion properties for carbon steel protection. The designed coating has the potential to continuously monitor the coating/metal system and could serve as a foundation for developing new anticorrosion coatings.

Fabrication of direct Z-scheme Cu2O@V-CN (octa) heterojunction with exposed (111) lattice planes and nitrogen-rich vacancies for rapid sterilization.

The Z-scheme heterojunction has demonstrated significant potential for promoting photogenerated carrier separation. However, the rational design of all-solid Z-scheme heterojunctions catalysts and the controversies about carrier transfer path of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions catalysts face various challenges. Herein, a novel heterojunction, Cu2O@V-CN (octa), was fabricated using V-CN (carbon nitride with nitrogen-rich vacancies) in-situ electrostatic self-wrapping Cu2O octahedra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the separation of carriers across the Cu2O@V-CN (octa) heterointerface was directly mapped to the Z-scheme mechanism compared to Cu2O/V-CN (sphere). This is because the Cu2O octahedra expose more highly active (111) lattice planes with more terminal Cu atoms and V-CN with abundant nitrogen vacancies to form delocalized electronic structures like electronic reservoirs. This facilitates the wrapping of Cu2O octahedra by V-CN and protects their stability via tighter interfacial contact, thus enhancing the tunneling of carriers for rapid photocatalytic sterilization. These findings provide novel approaches for designing high-efficiency Cu2O-based photocatalytic antifoulants for practical applications.

Carbon starvation considerably accelerated nickel corrosion by Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

Carbon starvation can affect the activity of microbes, thereby affecting the metabolism and the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process of biofilm. In the present work, the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) behavior of nickel (Ni) was investigated under organic carbon starvation by Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Starved D. vulgaris biofilm was more aggressive. Extreme carbon starvation (0% CS level) reduced weight loss due to the severe weakening of biofilm. The corrosion rate of Ni (based on weight loss) was sequenced as 10% CS level > 50% CS level > 100 CS level > 0% CS level. Moderate carbon starvation (10% CS level) caused the deepest pit of Ni in all the carbon starvation treatments, with a maximal pit depth of 18.8 µm and a weight loss of 2.8 mg·cm-2 (0.164 mm·y-1). The corrosion current density (icorr) of Ni for the 10% CS level was as high as 1.62 × 10-5 A·cm-2, which was approximately 2.9-fold greater than the full-strength medium (5.45 × 10-6 A·cm-2). The electrochemical data corresponded to the corrosion trend revealed by weight loss. The various experimental data rather convincingly pointed to the Ni MIC of D. vulgaris following the EET-MIC mechanism despite a theoretically low Ecell value (+33 mV).

Full solar spectrum-driven Cu2O/PDINH heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity and mechanism insight.

Marine biofouling hazards the sustainable development of the environment and has become a potential threat to environmental and ecological security. Photocatalytic antibacterial agents driven by the full solar spectrum are promising antifouling agents for environmental protection. The cuprous oxide/perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboximide (Cu2O/PDINH) heterostructure was successfully constructed by integrating p-type Cu2O and n-type PDINH to improve photocatalytic antibacterial efficiency. PDINH extended the absorption spectrum from ultraviolet to near-infrared, improving light utilization by 75 %. The Cu2O/PDINH heterostructure reduced the toxicity risk of Cu2O for environmental pollution, achieved full solar spectrum drive and overcame the inherent defect that Cu2O cannot produce singlet oxygen. The Cu2O/PDINH heterostructure exhibited excellent long-term and photocatalytic antibacterial activity with an antibacterial rate of > 90 % due to the sterilization of copper ions and the continuous generation of ROS driven by the full solar spectrum. This inorganic-organic Cu2O/PDINH heterostructure shows great application prospects in energy and the environment. The Cu2O/PDINH heterostructure with effective ROS increase and superior photocatalytic sterilization efficiency has great potential for environmentally friendly marine antifouling agents.

Strategy for reducing the carriers transfer antagonistic effect between heterojunction and plasmonic effect and weakening photocorrosion of Cu2O for excellent photocatalytic bacteriostasis.

Heterogeneous catalysis composed of plasmonic metal and semiconductor has been utilized to tune local surface electron density in MOA (Molecular oxygen activation). However, there is a severe antagonistic effect between Schottky junction carriers and SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) induced hot carriers transfer routers when metal and semiconductor are both excited to dramatically reduce carriers separation efficiency. Hence, a highly effective photocatalytic antifoulant obtained by V-CN (carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies) in-situ loading Cu2O and Ag nanoparticles (Cu2O/Ag/V-CN) was introduced to promote MOA to assist the metal ions sterilization. The DFT calculations (Density Functional Theory) and FEM calculations (Finite Element Method) intuitively proved the photocatalytic antifoulant belonged to a ternary Z-scheme heterojunction and could visibly weaken the antagonistic effect of hot carriers and Schottky carriers transport routes. The delocalized electron structure caused by V-CN and the effective electron mediator of Ag were the key to the formation of Z-scheme interfacial heterojunctions. These conclusions were also supported by experimental data, like more ∙O2- production capacity, efficient carriers separation, and higher carriers lifetime (27% higher than Cu2O and Cu2O/V-CN) as well as the weakened Cu2O photocorrosion tendency (Cu2O turning into CuO). Additionally, except for increasing nearly-three times adsorption energy of O2 for rapid activation, Cu2O/Ag/V-CN with abundant nitrogen vacancies can more significantly slow metal ions release (less about 97% to pure Cu2O and at least 22% higher than reported systems), which can observably save the amount of catalyst and heavy metals content. Therefore, Cu2O/Ag/V-CN has great potential for practical antifouling applications.

A novel all-organic microcapsule with excellent long-term antibacterial and anti-corrosion performances.

This work successfully synthesized the salicylic acid@polyurea-formaldehyde (SA@PUF) microcapsules with PUF microcapsules as shell material and SA as core material. The loading content of SA in the PUF microcapsules was approximately 40 %. The SA@PUF microcapsules had excellent long-term antibacterial properties because the PUF microcapsules controlled the release of SA antifouling agents with the ability to induce reactive oxygen species generation and inactivate bacteria. The antibacterial efficiency of SA@PUF microcapsules after 35 days against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained at 80 % and 81 %, increased by 60 % and 62 % compared with pure SA, respectively. The impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz of the SA@PUF coating reached 5.51 GΩ cm2, much higher than blank coating (2.55 GΩ cm2) and PUF coating (4.94 GΩ cm2), indicating that the anti-corrosion property of the SA@PUF coating was much better. This work would contribute to developing novel coatings with long-term antibacterial activity and excellent anti-corrosion performance.

BiOI@CeO2@Ti3C2 MXene composite S-scheme photocatalyst with excellent bacteriostatic properties.

As an influential antifouling material, photocatalytic materials have drawn attention increasingly over recent years owing to their potential bacteriostatic property in the domain of marine antifouling. Herein, a flower-like BiOI@CeO2@Ti3C2 S-scheme photocatalyst was contrived and prepared by hydrothermal method. The innovative combination of Ti3C2 and narrow band gap semiconductor BiOI was implemented to modify CeO2 and the photocatalytic bacteriostatic mechanism of BiOI@CeO2@Ti3C2 was elucidated. Schottky junction was formed between CeO2 and Ti3C2, and a p-n junction was formed between CeO2 and BiOI. By photoelectrochemical characterization, BCT-10 exhibits the best photoelectrochemical performance of which photogenerated carrier transport can be performed more readily at 10 % CeO2@Ti3C2 addition. 99.76 % and 99.89 % of photocatalytic bacteriostatic efficiency of BCT-10 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were implemented respectively, which were 2.98 and 3.07 times higher than that of pure CeO2. The ternary heterojunction can suppress photogenerated electron-hole complexes more effectively and enhance the photocatalytic bacteriostatic effect of CeO2, which also provided a new concept to the further broadened application of CeO2 in the marine bacteriostatic and antifouling field.

Copper sulfide anchored MXene improving photo-responsive self-healing polyurethane with enhanced mechanical and antibacterial properties.

Diseases caused by bacterial infection are becoming a major threat to human health. Therefore, developing efficient antibacterial materials is of great significance in improving medical care and protecting people's health. In this work, an accordion-like structural Ti3C2@CuS was synthesized by copper sulfide (CuS) nanospheres anchored firmly on the surface of Ti3C2Tx via the hydrothermal method. The multilayer Ti3C2@CuS becomes few-layered nanosheets after ultrasonic treatment, which have an enjoyable dispersion in the polyurethane (PU) matrix. PU and the released Cu2+ from Ti3C2@CuS are firmly linked by a coordination bond, which improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of Ti3C2@CuS-PU and reduces the heavy metal ion pollution by blocking the Cu2+ released by forming coordination bonds. Moreover, Ti3C2@CuS-PU exhibits an excellent self-healing performance after 30 tensile cycles. Additionally, Ti3C2Tx and CuS could improve the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs of CuS to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria. Ti3C2@CuS-PU maintains a highly long-term sterilization ability of more than 90 % in 30 days because of the synergistic effect of the sustained release of copper ions, the elevated ROS production ability, and the excellent dispersion of Ti3C2@CuS in PU. This work demonstrates a simple and promising route for designing multifunctional antibacterial self-healing materials.

Synthesis of Smart Nanofiber Coatings with Autonomous Self-Warning and Self-Healing Functions.

Organic protective coatings are widely used to protect metal structures from corrosion but they are vulnerable to undetectable damage. Without timely detection and repair, it could lead to severe consequences. How to warn and heal damaged areas simultaneously and automatically has become a challenging problem. Herein, we report an intelligent protective coating with self-warning and self-healing functions. This strategy was achieved by embedding bifunctional nanofibers containing 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) in organic coatings. The nanofibers with Phen as a core and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)─chitosan (CS) blend solution as a shell were synthesized by coaxial electrospinning. The PVA/CS@Phen nanofiber-embedded coating displayed self-healing and high contrast indication function of the damaged area on coatings. Prominent red could warn microdamage and macrosurface damage, which occurred rapidly and healed permanently. The intelligent coating exhibited high healing performance under artificial injury with self-warning characteristics, and the cure rate was about 98.4% without external intervention. In the healing process, free amino groups of CS in the shell of nanofibers enhanced the sustained release of Phen. This convenient, economical, and efficient strategy with cooperative functions of self-warning and self-healing delivers an effective solution for prolonging the service life of protective coatings. This multifunctional coating exhibits excellent potential in the field of marine engineering applications.

N-doped carbon-coated Cu2O nanowire arrays on copper foam for rapid and stable water disinfection.

High-speed, low-cost and long-term water disinfection method is important for us to away from waterborne diseases. Nanowires-modified electrodes can inactivate microorganisms under low energy consumption. However, small processing capacity remains a major obstacle for practical application. In this study, we coated N-doped carbon layer on Cu2O NWs to improve the conductivity and stability for electrodes. Compared with Cu2O, the work functions of Cu2O-PANI structures is 3.623 eV, indicating the electrodes can prevent the recombination of electron-hole pairs and improve the carrier transport efficiency. In addition, Mulliken charge density showed that Cu2O-PANI structure reduce the oxidation trend of Cu atom and improve the stability of electrodes. Besides, the Cu2O NWs@NC electrodes showed excellent disinfection performance for E. coli and S. aureus, which can achieve 99.9% sterilizing rate under high flux (1200 mL min-1). Under this condition, the electrodes can continuously treat 576 L wastewater, which is about 10-folds handling capacity than others. Moreover, the bactericidal mechanism is synergistic of electroporation and reactive oxygen species, and the main ROS were electrons, OH and O2-. Therefore, this electrodes has a great prospect for rapid and stable water treatment system.

Boosting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Regulating Excitonic Effects in Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Excitonic effects play a crucial role in determining the photocatalytic performance of polymer semiconductors, which has long been ignored. Herein, metal organic frameworks (MOFs, specially NH2-MIL-125) modifying porphyrinic covalent organic frameworks (COFs, specially DhaTph) have been proven to be a suitable model to regulate excitonic effects. The photoluminescence measurements prove that DhaTph presents strong excitonic effects, which can generate 1O2 through an energy transfer process. Remarkably, the construction of the NH2-MIL-125@DhaTph heterostructure can effectively facilitate the dissociation of excitons, resulting in distinct activation of O2 to O2•- and •OH. Benefiting from the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, the NH2-MIL-125@DhaTph composite exhibits a superior bactericidal effect and photocatalytic degradation performance. This work provides a deeper insight into the excitonic effects based on COFs during the photocatalytic process and opens a feasible avenue for the regulation of the excitonic effects in porphyrinic COFs.

Influence of nutrition on Cu corrosion by Desulfovibrio vulgaris in anaerobic environment.

The eutrophication of seawater is not only harmful to the environment, but also influence microbes' proliferation and then influence biocorrosion of marine engineering materials to a great extent. This study investigated the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of Cu immersed in the Desulfovibrio vulgaris (a sulfate reducing bacterium) medium with four defined nutritional degrees: total nutrition, P lacking, N lacking, and P&N lacking. When D. vulgaris was cultured in more nutritional medium, more H2S was generated and more serious corrosion of Cu occurred. The concentration of H2S corresponding to the medium with total nutrition was as high as 4.9 × 104(±913.0) ppm. The weight loss of Cu in medium with total nutrition increased by at least 50% compared with other nutritional conditions. The depth of pitting pits on Cu increased obviously with more abundant nutrient elements N and P. The electrochemical tests supported the weight loss and also showed that an obvious passivation zone was formed on the anodic polarization curve. This indicated that a protective film was formed on the surface of Cu against uniform corrosion. The analyses of thermodynamics and experiment data indicated that metabolite MIC (M-MIC) account for the Cu corrosion by D. vulgaris.

Preparation of CoFe@N-doped C/rGO composites derived from CoFe Prussian blue analogues for efficient microwave absorption.

At present, in order to solve the problem of microwave radiation and interference, it is urgent to study high performance microwave absorption (MA) materials with strong absorption ability, light weight, thin thickness and broad bandwidth. In this work, CoFe@nitrogen-doped carbon/rGO (CoFe@NC/rGO) composites derived from CoFe Prussian blue analogues were successfully prepared by in situ growth and annealing. And the effects of GO content on the MA performances of the composites were studied systematically. Results reveal that MA properties of CoFe@NC/rGO composites are enhanced by introduction of GO, this is mainly because the addition of GO can provide large specific surface area for microwave reflection, enhance interfacial polarization and compensate the insufficient dielectric loss. Moreover, impedance matching, conduction loss and attenuation ability are also improved obviously. CoFe@NC/rGO composites show outstanding MA capability, and the minimum reflection loss is up to -53.0 dB at a thickness of 2.4 mm, the largest effective absorption bandwidth can achieve 4.48 GHz at a thin thickness of 1.7 mm. In consideration of the superior MA performances, the CoFe@NC/rGO composites will be ideal candidates for high-efficient MA applications.

Effect of covalent organic framework modified graphene oxide on anticorrosion and self-healing properties of epoxy resin coatings.

Graphene oxide (GO) can enhance the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating, but there are problems such as poor filler dispersion and mechanical damage that will reduce the coating corrosion resistance. To resolve these problems, here, we used a facile and green liquid-phase synthetic strategy to grow covalent organic framework (COF) on GO sheets with 1,3,5-Triformylphloroglucinol and p-phenylenediamine as monomers for the COF synthesis. The COF could not only improve the compatibility of GO with epoxy coating, but also act as a nanocontainer for loading corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the low-frequency impedance of GO/COF-2% coating immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 60 days was 8.58 × 108 Ω cm2. This was one order of magnitude higher than that of GO-2%, showing excellent corrosion resistance. Then, corrosion inhibitor of benzotriazole (BTA) was loaded into GO/COF, where the adsorption and release of BTA was controlled by environmental pH values. Results proved that the GO/COF@BTA-2% reinforced epoxy coating had superior corrosion resistance as well as self-healing ability because of the good compatibility, greater crosslinking density and controllable release of BTA.

Limiting nitrate triggered increased EPS film but decreased biocorrosion of copper induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biocorrosion of Cu remains a significant challenge in marine engineering but the mechanism is still not clear. The nutrients in marine environment affect the microbe's growth and the formation of biofilm, and then affect biocorrosion of metal to a large extent. In this study, the effect of NO3- concentration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) medium on the formation of extracellular polymer substance (EPS) film and biocorrosion of Cu were studied. The experiments results showed that limiting NO3- in culture medium triggered increased EPS film but decreased biocorrosion of Cu induced by P. aeruginosa. With increase of NO3- content in the culture medium, the Cu surface attached less polysaccharides and proteins, but the Cu corrosion rate was accelerated. The weight loss of Cu and the maximum pit depth were both increased with increase of NO3- content. The XPS and XRD analyses indicated that the major corrosion product is Cu2O. The increased corrosion rate with increase of the NO3- level were attributed to the EET-MIC route, the formation of Cu(NH3)2+, and the more loose EPS film.

In situ synthesis of 2D/2D MXene-COF heterostructure anchored with Ag nanoparticles for enhancing Schottky photocatalytic antibacterial efficiency under visible light.

It is a major challenge to combine the advantages of two kinds of two-dimensional materials to construct a heterojunction and achieve efficient photocatalytic antifouling. In this work, we covalently connected two materials MXenes and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through the Schiff base reaction and anchored Ag nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare a Ti3C2/TpPa-1/Ag composite material with high efficiency bactericidal properties. The covalent bonding between MXene and COF greatly improved the stability of the material. Ti3C2/TpPa-1/Ag composite showed an excellent antibacterial property against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The fluorescence spectra of Ti3C2/TpPa-1/Ag proved that the electron transfer channels formed between the ternary materials could greatly improve the efficiency of carrier separation and prolong the life of photogenerated carriers. Density functional theory calculations showed that the synergistic catalytic effect of Ag and Ti3C2 could greatly reduce the work function along the interface, and the built-in electric field between the layers drive carrier fast migration, which effectively improve the catalytic performance.